The spirit of Ramadan in research

As we approach the end of Ramadan, Sophia Butt, a PGR in the Department of English Language & Linguistics and the School of Social Policy, shares her thoughts on the parallels between being a successful researcher and observing the Islamic holy month.

When I was invited to write a blogpost about my experiences of being a PGR observing Ramadan, one of the first thoughts that came to mind was the many parallels between the prerequisites for success during this Islamic month, and the fundamental principles of being an effective PGR. Ramadan is a time for mindfulness and spiritual reflection to strive for lasting personal and societal betterment.

Sophia’s photo of Prophet Muhammad’s (pbuh) masjid (mosque) in Medina, Saudi Arabia.

Similarly, the Researcher Development Framework (RDF) helps PGRs realise their potential to develop credible academic and professional portfolios. Its four domains of:

1. knowledge & intellectual abilities;
2. personal effectiveness;
3. governance & organisation; and
4. engagement, influence & impact

and its 12 sub-domains emphasise the skills and behaviours which also underpin the spirit of Ramadan, i.e.:

Month of Ramadan	Skills	PGR Success
adhering to specified times for daily fasts	Time Management	committing to regular research activities to meet deadlines
enhancing theological knowledge through reading & listening to spiritual sermons	Intellectual Development	sourcing & interpreting multi-modal materials to develop subject knowledge
thinking beyond rituals by critically engaging with values that underpin desired behaviours & norms	Critical Thinking	evaluating sources, findings & assumptions to reach effective conclusions
being cognisant of actions that feed misconceptions, and avoiding these through positive deeds	Cognitive Awareness & Problem-Solving	recognising & isolating problems in research to seek solutions for the same
exercising willpower, patience & determination to achieve goals	Perseverance	overcoming procrastination & obstacles to meeting aims
introspecting & developing self-awareness to become a better version of oneself	Self-Reflection	identifying strengths & weaknesses as a PGR to capitalise on the former & address the latter
spreading positivity & facilitating the enactment of good deeds	Engagement & Influence	adopting a collegial approach to peer engagement & knowledge sharing
understanding & enacting the principles of moral behaviour	Understanding Governance	applying the codes of ethical & legal practice throughout studies
conducting oneself in a manner befitting of an ambassador of Islam	Professional Conduct	adhering to institutional & departmental expectations of academic practice & integrity

Until my teens, I had a rather rudimentary understanding of ‘sawm’ or fasting. I thought it was simply about nurturing God-consciousness and spirituality while abstaining from food and drink from dawn till dusk. But with maturity, I realised that the month of Ramadan also instils self-discipline, steadfastness and refraining from behaviours that are harmful to oneself – and society. It encourages empathy, humility, and charity by urging reflection on the lives of the less fortunate and those enduring perpetual adversity.

Additionally, it accords opportunities for physical, psychological, and social development: scientific studies have shown that intermittent fasting purges the body of toxins, thereby enhancing physical and mental wellbeing. Hence, mindfulness during Ramadan serves as a reminder of how to secure year-round gains.  This philosophy can also be applied laterally to achieve PGR success whether by adopting a positive mindset with determination; overcoming challenges by avoiding harmful distractions; or helping struggling peers.

And so, as this month of Ramadan draws to a close, I look forward to the rewards of my endeavours…

#AcWriMo: Overcoming Academic Writing Blocks

In the second of our academic writing-themed posts during #AcWriMo this year, Dr Lizzie O’Connor, Postgraduate Community Engagement Manager in the University Graduate School, acknowledges that we all struggle to write at times, and suggests some strategies to overcome this.

Writing is one of the most important parts of our academic lives, but it can also be one of the most fraught. Dorothy Parker’s words that joy comes not in writing, but in having written, can ring very true as we stare at a blank screen or an unedited paper for hours on end, waiting for the motivation to start, continue, or finish our writing.

Photo by Henry & Co. on Pexels.com

Many of us have an ‘ideal’ writing practice in our mind, such as daily writing targets, a fluent style, or time spent writing, and many of us see this ideal defeated by procrastination, lack of confidence, distraction. It can leave us feeling disappointed, frustrated, and even ashamed, which feeds into a cycle of worrying about our writing and – crucially – not fully engaging with our writing practice. What techniques can we employ to overcome these blocks, and build good writing habits? What stops us from writing in the way we’d really like to?

Silencing Our Inner Critic

We all have an inner critic, and for many of us this critic comes out most fiercely when we are trying to write. The inner critic will tell you that your writing is terrible, that none of it is good enough in quality or quantity, and becomes the main culprit for our procrastination. Even great writers struggle with this: when Marlon James won the Booker prize, he attributed his success to getting up earlier than his inner critic.

One of the most powerful techniques to manage the inner critic is to confront and recognise this sabotaging voice, rather than following the impulse to ignore it or stop writing altogether. I like the following suggestion from best-selling author Cathy Rentzenbrink to talk to your inner critic in order to disarm it:

Being curious about it or getting to know it can help. […] Put ‘What do you want?’ at the top of the page and just let your hand move. If you find out the motivation you can offer some reassurance. If we know its intention, we can say, ‘Thank you. My today self no longer needs you to protect me.’ Or you can say, ‘I know you are trying to help, but when you hit me over the head with a stick and tell me I’m rubbish, it paralyses me and then I can’t get stuff done, so could you be a bit nicer?’ Or you can imagine yourself locating the volume switch in your head and turning it down.

Target-setting and Procrastination

We often accuse ourselves of laziness when we procrastinate, but like the inner-critic, procrastination is more often an anxiety-based response: your brain shying away from a task that feels frightening, is overwhelming, or that has high stakes.

You’ve probably heard of target-setting as a technique to overcome procrastination. It’s something the Research Skills Team use in their in-person Shut Up and Work sessions, and that we use in the University Graduate School’s online version.

A method I used in writing my own PhD thesis was setting anti-targets: writing targets so low in effort and ambition they scraped the bare minimum of what I could write each day, such as, say, writing 300 words. It worked because it was so unintimidating: I could write freely, and in my busiest days could always squeeze it in, keeping up a momentum of daily writing. There was no voice in my head berating me for taking a lunch break, or daydreaming, or worrying. It set a positive pattern of self-worth: instead of starting the next day feeling like a failure because I didn’t meet my targets or wasn’t productive enough the day before, I could start it positively, feeling like a success. Feeling as though I could write and could accomplish, I did. And those 300 words added up more than you would think!

Ultimately, the only way to build a writing practice is to write. It’s a vital part of our work as academics, but also a lifelong skill in expression and the process of drafting. The tips above rely wholly on self-compassion: take the pressure off, be kind to yourself, get words (any words! Terrible words!) on the page, and join Dorothy Parker in the joy of having written.

Productivity and motivation together? Try Kanban.

A couple of weeks into the first lockdown, in 2020, I started keeping a list of the things I had completed each week and e-mailing it to my manager before I shut down my computer on a Friday afternoon. The reasons I started doing this were created by lockdown, but I’ve carried on doing it ever since because it had a rather glorious side effect; it is motivating.

Instead of trying to make progress through a to-do list which never seems to get shorter, I am now measuring my achievements through a “done list” which gets steadily longer over the week. Sometimes it stays stubbornly short for the first few days, if I’m working on a longer task, but then I get to add something substantial to it, and it starts to grow again.

I’m not the only one who thinks a done list is a good way of doing things, but if you can’t quite see how it would work for you in isolation, then you might like to try a technique called Kanban. Kanban comes from the Japanese for signboard, and is a way of visualising progress, including what you have already done.

A simple Kanban board
Photo credit: Kanban Tool

What makes postgraduate mental health fragile and what can we do about it?

Sometimes a topic deserves more than 500 words.  Following Mental Health Awareness Week last week, Bianca Diaconu, a PGR in Psychology, reviews the stressors which make PGRs vulnerable to poor mental health, and looks at ways to address these, in the first of our “in depth” posts.

March 2019 marked the beginning of a strenuous period for the entire world. Everyone was urged to adapt to an extremely disruptive way of working and for the PGR community, this disruption brought even more pressure. Considerable evidence showed that PhD researchers are 3 times more likely to experience mental health problems compared to the general population, with 48% considering leaving and 60% suspending their doctoral studies (Evans et al., 2018). Needless to say, the pandemic has only accentuated this tendency, making it imperative that the matter is no longer overlooked.

The only way out is through (part 1)

Sara Corpino is a distance learning PGR in the Department of Modern Languages and in this first part of a two-part post, she gives her tips on how to overcome difficulties and get through the PhD.

If I only had listened…

I have thought about applying for a PhD in Modern Languages for years before being brave enough to send my first proposal. I remember my academic colleagues telling me how difficult it would have been doing a PhD, but I was really motivated. Plus, I was not scared, as I thought that obtaining the PGCE in Modern Languages – which I had just finished – would have been the toughest experience in my life, until…I started my PhD first year. If I only had listened to those people preparing me, would I have changed my mind? Not at all! And would I have been more psychologically prepared? Possibly yes, but I could have been even too scared to take my first step into what has been the most rewarding – and of course challenging – experience of my life so far.

Resilience during a pandemic

In this post, Simona Scanni, a distance learning PGR from the Department of Modern Languages, shares her challenges and the ways in which she has built her resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic.

You will feel alone. Nobody will understand your research work, nobody will ask you about it. So be prepared to feel alone as a part of the journey.

This was, more or less, the advice we were given by some PGR fellows during the very first residential week in September, on my first year as a PhD student. At the time, I opted for the distance learning programme, so I was already prepared about the idea of being far away from the campus and university services, and somehow isolated from the campus life. My research is about online learning which, ironically, was something existing but still “remote” for many people. The pro was that I could actually conduct my research from home or from any part of the world.

Survive and Thrive: Adaptability and Resilience

Continuing her occasional series, “survive and thrive”, Katie Hoare from Careers Network explores a key skill sought after by employers in the post-COVID-19 world.  It’s likely that you are already developing and using these highly transferable skills in your research.

What

According to The Cambridge Dictionary, adaptability is “an ability or willingness to change in order to suit different conditions”.  The term can be applied to people, businesses, physical spaces and technology.  If something or someone is not adaptable, its use and benefit can be short lived.  Resilience has become a buzz word in recent years.  It can be defined as the “ability to recover from or adjust easily to misfortune or change” (Merriam-Webster).  In order to be resilient, you need to be adaptable.

Spotlight on the RDF: “Perseverance”

In this series of “Spotlight on…” posts, we’ll be delving into the detail of the descriptors in Vitae‘s Researcher Development Framework (RDF).  Each one of the sixty-three descriptors is a characteristic of an excellent researcher, and we’ll be looking at how UoB PGRs can develop these characteristics.

Elizabeth Warren: “Nevertheless, she persisted”

Perseverance is a valuable quality for a research programme, so much so that one of its synonyms is specifically mentioned in the Seven Secrets of Highly Successful Research Students:  “a PhD is 10% intelligence and 90% persistence”.   Perseverance requires self-discipline and motivation in general, but also specifically refers to your response when things go wrong.  

What is Enterprise and why is it in the RDF?

There is often confusion around the term enterprise.  It is sometimes used interchangeably with entrepreneurship and so has connotations of starting a business.  But enterprise simply refers to the generation and application of ideas to address practical situations (QAA definitions).

Enterprise sits within the Engagement, Influence and Impact domain, however enterprise skills feature in all four sections of the RDF.  Enterprise isn’t a stand-alone skill you can develop in isolation, it requires a whole host of competencies and attributes.  In fact I have identified 38 descriptors within the RDF which relate to enterprise.

This is not bad news.  It does not necessarily mean enterprise is a more difficult skill to develop.  On the contrary it means that whilst developing your enterprise skills you are simultaneously acquiring many other abilities.  It also means that you are already half-way there to becoming more enterprising…

Feedback’s coming home!

Our helpful and honest panel of PGRs at the PGR Writing Summer School 2018. L-R: Martine, Sian, Anna, Farhan, Frankie, Tom

This week, we’ve had the annual PGR Writing Summer School, with a range of insightful workshops on various aspects of academic and thesis writing.  And, of course, we’ve had national excitement around England’s place in the semi-finals of the 2018 FIFA World Cup.  I’d been wondering how to tie these together for this blog, when this article on football psychology caught my eye, and chimed with a couple of comments made during the Writing Summer School.  How can we build our resilience to tackle a fear of failure and deal with difficult feedback constructively?